Alpha -1- Antitrypsin, Elastase Activity as Markers for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an illness distinguished by obstruction of airflow into the airways during the breathing process. It includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The study's objectives are to measure the levels of neutrophil elastase and alpha-1 anti-trypsin in patients with stable and exacerbating COPD and to ascertain whether there is a relationship between the two parameters and exacerbations of the disease.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done between 40 stable and 40 exacerbation patients aged 30–85 years old, the levels of AAT and NE were measured in both groups by using the ELISA technique.
Results: In general, variables affecting the results—such as gender, age, and body mass index—were taken into consideration. The concentration of AAT in the patients was recorded at 8.29 ± 1.97 ng/ml and 7.08 ± 1.57 ng/ml for the stable and exacerbation groups, respectively (p = 0.003). Similarly, the concentration of elastase enzyme activity was recorded at 878.46 ± 180.72 ng/mL and 898.46 ± 247.86 ng/mL for the stable and exacerbation groups, respectively (p = 0.52).
Conclusion: AAT levels are higher in patients in the stable group than in those in the exacerbation groups, and the stable group's elastase concentration is lower than that of the exacerbation group. This discrepancy explains how the disease develops because the enzymes in the stable group control and limit the activity of elastase. In contrast, a breakdown in the exacerbation group led to an increase in elastase levels and lung tissue damage.
Keywords: Alpha-1 antitrypsin, Elastase Activity, Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, ELISA technique
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v12i3.2650
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