RETRACTED ARTICLE: Histopathological Detection of the Protective Role of Hydroxytyrosol Against the adverse Effect of Azithromycin in Rats

Full Length Research Article 

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Histopathological Detection of the Protective Role of Hydroxytyrosol Against the adverse Effect of Azithromycin in Rats

Ghusoon Abdul Kareem Neamah1*, Ekhlas Abid Hamza Alalwany1, Fadak Bahaa Rabee1, Adnan Mansour Jasim1, Ahmed Samir Abukhomra2

Adv. life sci., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 386-391, May 2024
*- Corresponding Author: Ghusoon Abdul Kareem Neamah (Ghusoon.alneamah@vet.uoqasim.edu.iq)
Authors' Affiliations

 1. College of veterinary medicine –AL-Qasim Green University, Babylon – Iraq
2. Anesthesia Department, Hilla University College, Babylon – Iraq 
 
[Date Received: 05/08/2023; Date Revised: 19/11/2023; Date Available Online: 18/04/2024]

Abstractaa download_button
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
References 

Abstract

Background: Adverse medication reactions affecting one or more organ systems can manifest as side effects of antibiotics. There is a possibility that some antibiotics will have adverse effects that are fatal. The present study aims to examine the ability of  hydroxytyrosol (HT) to protect the liver,  heart , and improvement of kidney function against the adverse effects of azithromycin.

Methods: Thirty adult male rats were randomly divided into three equal groups of 10 animals each. The first group, designated negative control (NC), was the daily oral administration of normal saline. The second group (T1) was subject to daily oral administration of azithromycin (30 mg/kg). The last third group (T2) was administered azithromycin (30 mg/kg) with hydroxytyrosol (50 mg/kg). After two weeks the animals were sacrificed for serum collection, histopathological specimens, and drug docking evaluation using Auto Dock Vina.

Result: The present study showed that score binding in 18gs Glutathione S-transferase was preferable in hydroxytyrosol with (-5.95 Kcal/mol), while vitamin E was in (-7.80 Kcal/mol) and (-6.16 Kcal/mol) for glutathione. On the other aspect, antioxidant coenzyme Q10 showed less binding with 18gs Glutathione S-transferase to recorded binding at (-4.9) with Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) (29.3, 30.3, 23.9 Kcal/mol) and (28.6) Kcal/mol, respectively. The histopathological result for T1 showed  several histological effects in the liver, heart, and kidney, while in T2 group showed improvement in tissue architecture. 

Conclusion: The study concluded that hydroxytyrosol binding glutathione S-transferase could predict potent antioxidants near glutathione, might be responsible for scavenger free radicals, and protect the tissue against the toxic effects of azithromycin.

Keywords: Histopathology; Rat; Hydroxytyrosol; Azithromycin; Glutathione S-transferase   

Retraction Note

03 Dec 2025: The Editor-in-Chief has approved retraction of this article on the following grounds.

The "Results" section, "Abstract," and "Discussion" all report mismatching data for the paper's primary in silico finding.

  • Abstract: Reports the binding score for hydroxytyrosol as -5.95 Kcal/mol, vitamin E as -7.80 Kcal/mol, and glutathione as -6.16 Kcal/mol.
  • Table 1: Reports the binding score for hydroxytyrosol as -5.95, vitamin E as -7.80, and glutathione as -6.15.
  • Results (Text): Reports the score for hydroxytyrosol as 5.5, vitamin E as 5.4, and glutathione as 5.3.
  • Discussion: Reports the score for glutathione as -7.80 and -6.16.

The paper provides four different, mutually exclusive sets of data for its main in silico result, making the findings impossible to reproduce.

The authors have not responded to the retraction notice.

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