In line with the Policy on Pre-Publication Listing of Accepted Manuscripts, part of the editorial reforms adopted on 01 August 2025, here is the list of papers which have been accepted for publication and will appear in future issues of the journal after being typeset and copyedited.
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Manuscript ID 3503 |
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Axenic leaf-derived callus induction of Gynura pseudochina (L.) DC. using combined 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and benzylaminopurine |
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Nurul Jadid, Prameswari Ayunda Safitri, Anisa Esti Rahayu, Ira Puspitaningtyas, Muhammad Rifqi Nur Ramadani |
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Abstract Background: Gynura pseudochina is a promising herbal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It contains many secondary metabolite compounds, including saponins, flavonoids, essential oils, and alkaloids. In vitro culture offers an efficient method for mass and rapid propagation of G. pseudochina. Callus induction is alternatively used to generate in vitro shoot proliferation and production of bioactive compounds. Previous study have reported that combined 2,4-Dicholorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) can effectively induce callus. However, the effect of this combination on G. pseudochina in vitro culture is still limited. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of auxin and cytokinin combination (2,4-D and BAP) on G. pseudochina callus formation in vitro. Methods: Axenic nodal segments from G. pseudochina were used as explants and placed in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium enriched with different 2,4-D and BAP combination for 60 days of culture. Subsequently, callogenic responses, callus emergence time, callus fresh weight and morphology were observed Results: We observed that 2,4-D was vital to induce callus formation. All axenic leaves were able to undergo callogenesis in all concentrations of 2,4-D. The equal level of 2,4-D and BAP at 0.5 mg/L resulted in callus induction, which exhibited early callus emergence time (12 days after culture) and average fresh weight of 1.12 g. Meanwhile, calli obtained in this study were compact and friable with green, greenish-yellow and brown colors. Conclusion: Our research demonstrates the effectiveness of combining 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) in inducing callus formation in Gynura pseudochina through in vitro culture. This study underscores the critical role of 2,4-D in promoting callogenesis, with the optimal callus formation achieved using a combination of 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and BAP. |
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Manuscript ID 3608 |
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Antihyperglycemic Potency of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) Ethanolic Extracts in Diabetic Mice Induced by Multiple Low Dose Streptozotocin |
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Pande Ayu Naya Kasih Permatananda, I Wayan Sumardika, I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa, Made Ratna Saraswati, I Gede Suranaya Pandit, Sri Masyeni |
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Abstract Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most challenging health problems today. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose concentrations due to impaired insulin production, function, or both. The standard treatment of diabetic is unable to control blood sugar and stop the oxidative stress process in diabetic. This research aims to investigate the antihyperglycemic potency of Tulsi, the sacred plants of Ayurvedic, in diabetic mice induced by multiple low dose streptozotocin. Methods: We used eighteen male, healthy, white Swiss mice, aged 2-3 months, with 20-30 grams body weight to be included in this procedure, then, induced by low dose streptozotocin 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 5 days to make them become diabetic mice (fasting blood glucose level more than 150 mg/dL). Eighteen diabetic mice divided into three groups as follows: control group didn’t receive any treatment, to treatment groups that received Tulsi ethanolic extract 56 mg/kg and 112 mg/kg orally for 14 days. Paired t-test were used to analyze the difference of blood glucose level before and after treatment and One-way Anova were used to analyze the difference of blood glucose level between groups. Results: Multiple low dose streptozotocin were successfully increased blood glucose level of all mice without any died during the procedure. Administration of tulsi extract at doses of 56 mg/kg and 112 mg/kg succeeded in significantly reducing blood glucose levels in diabetic mice (P value <0.05). Among the 3 groups, the lowest blood glucose level after treatment was in the group of mice that received Tulsi ethanolic extract at a dose of 112 mg/kg. The difference in blood glucose level values after this treatment was significant according to the One Way Anova test (P value <0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the ethanolic extract of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum), when administered at doses of 56 mg/kg and 112 mg/kg, significantly lowers blood glucose levels in mice with STZ-induced diabetes. This antihyperglycemic activity is likely due to the antioxidant properties of the various active compounds in Tulsi. These findings support the development of Tulsi as a natural alternative pharmacotherapy in managing diabetes mellitus. |
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Manuscript ID 3673 |
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Probiotics and Human Health: Exploring the Interconnection with Host Microbiota |
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Amankeldi Sadanov, Baiken Baimakhanova, Irina Ratnikova, Vladimir Berezin, Olga Lakh, Saltanat Orazymbet, Andrey Bogoyavlenskiy, Erik Shorabaev, Gul Baimakhanova, Zere Turlybaeva, Alma Amangeldi, Anel Omirbekova, Aigerim |
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Abstract The article examines the impact of probiotics on human health, with a particular emphasis on their interaction with the host's microbiota. Methods. The review begins with an extensive search of literature in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to gather studies on the effects of probiotics on the composition of the microbiome, immune response, and metabolic functions. The authors emphasize that the human microbiota, which consists of various microorganisms, plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, supporting the immune system, and regulating metabolic health. Studies show that probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains, contribute to gut health by promoting beneficial bacteria, regulating the immune response, and inhibiting pathogen growth. According to research, probiotics can be an effective adjunct treatment for conditions associated with microbiota imbalance. They may offer benefits for neurological, metabolic, and immune health. |
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Manuscript ID 3808 |
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Curcumin targets Enterococcus faecalis virulence via inhibiting enterococcal surface protein, offering a possible treatment for endodontic diseases |
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Nezar Boreak, Abdullah S Almuqbil, Wejdan Hakami, Saad Alshahrani, Aisha Alshehri, Aishah haqawi, Noha Kh Mokli, Dimah Salem Saleh, Nardeen Hakami, Lamis Muthaffar, Alhussain Ahmad Thubab |
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Abstract Background: The current study investigates the effect of curcumin on Enterococcal Surface Protein (ESP) in Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), a major pathogen in endodontic and post-endodontic infections. Methods: Using molecular docking, curcumin demonstrated good binding affinity (-11.06 kcal/mol) with ESP, supported by HBPlot analysis and SeamDock validation (-10.5 kcal/mol). Curcumin's deep binding within ESP's cavity suggests its potential to disrupt E. faecalis colonization and biofilm formation, offering a novel therapeutic strategy. Results: ADMET predictions revealed favourable pharmacokinetic properties, including high intestinal absorption (82.19%) and no hepatotoxicity, positioning curcumin as a safe and effective candidate. PASS analysis highlighted curcumin's diverse biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, & enzyme inhibitory effects, aligning with its therapeutic potential. SwissTargetPrediction further identified potential protein targets, including transcription factors and kinases, broadening its applicability. Concentration- and time-dependent assays confirmed curcumin's non-toxic nature toward normal HEK293 cells, highlighting its safety profile. Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings collectively demonstrate curcumin's potential as a therapeutic agent for endodontic diseases, manipulating its ability to target E. faecalis virulence while addressing inflammation and oxidative stress. |
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Manuscript ID 3427 |
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Efficacy and tolerance of Methylprednisolone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis relapses: the case study of Morocco |
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Mirhani Ali, Auajjar Nabila, Slimani Chouki, Attarassi Benaissa |
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Abstract Background: In this study, we wanted to examine the clinical effectiveness and tolerance of treating relapses with methylprednisolone over a 2-year follow-up period in patients with the remitting-recurrent (RR) or progressive (P) form of multiple sclerosis (MS), who have no way for another treatment. Methodology: Over a ten-year period, we compiled data on 31 MS patients who were using methylprednisolone for relapsing-remitting and progressive MS. These patients were also followed over a 2-year period. Additionally, EDSS ratings and annualised relapse rates (ARR) were evaluated by methylprednisolone prior to treatment. After this therapy, we recorded the initial relapse time and the 0.5-point EDDS rise to calculate effectiveness. Also, MRI data were obtained. Results: There were 31 methylprednisolone-treated patients in the trial; 17 of them had progressive MS and 14 had relapsing-remitting MS. Furthermore, we noticed that over the course of the trial, the initial mean EDSS decreased in the progressive group from 5.46 to 5.43 and in the relapsing-remitting group from 4.24 to 3.62. Similar to this, we noticed that ARR in RRMS decreased from 2.88 prior to methylprednisolone to 0.29 in the second year. In the SEP-P group, a decrease in ARR from 2.64 to 0.29 was also recorded. Conclusion: This study shows that methylprednisolone has a beneficial effect on treating multiple sclerosis outbreaks. Therefore, methylprednisolone intravenously has its place as an effective first-line treatment in patients who do not have financial means and also in patients with acute flare-ups. |
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Manuscript ID 3455 |
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Blastocystis St-1 and ST-3 Mixed Infection Causes Increased Inflammatory Responses and Nf-Kb Protein Expression |
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Eka Nofita, Nuzulia Irawati, Eryati Darwin, Netti Suharti, Hasmiwati, Tofrizal, Hirowati Ali, Arina Widya Murni |
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Abstract Background: Blastocystis sp. is one of the most common intestinal protozoa found in humans, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. One of the influencing factors is its genetic subtype. The subtypes that most commonly infect humans are subtypes 1-4. Blastocystis subtypes that are commonly found in Indonesia, especially in Padang City, are Blastocystis ST 1 and ST3. Methods: This study was experimental with a post-test-only control group design. A total of 18 rats were randomly divided into 3 sample groups: control group, treatment group with Blastocystis ST 1&3 dose 104 and dose 105. The inflammatory response was assessed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of NF-kB protein. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests were conducted to determine the significance of differences in the expression of each protein and gene in the three groups of animals. Results: Blastocystis ST 1 and ST 3 mixed infection in mice caused mild-moderate inflammation in histopathological examination of intestinal tissue and increased NF-kB protein expression, especially in the dose 105 treatment group (14.45±5.51) compared to the dose 104 treatment group (8.24±2.72) and the control group (7.41±1.21). This difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that Blastocystis ST 1&3 mixed infection can increase the inflammatory response in mice's intestinal tissue. This effect was particularly evident at higher doses 105. |
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Manuscript ID 2001 |
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxic Activity Study of Ni (II), Cu (II), and Metal Complexes with New Schiff Base on Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCAM) Cancer Cell |
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Zaid N. O. Al-husseini, Jasim M. S. Alshawi |
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Abstract Background: Among the most important alkyl groups of Schiff bases are those that contain heterocyclic atoms, such as sulfur or oxygen, and are called heterocyclic compounds. These compounds are considered to form complexes with metallic elements and have high biological effectiveness, such as anti-cancer. Methods: In this work, a novel ligand was synthesized by reacting O-Phenylenediamine (OPD) and 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine with thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde. Transition metal complexes of Ni (II) and Cu (II) were synthesized using a 1:1 molar ratio of metal chlorides to the ligand (M: L). Results: The ligand and its metal complexes were characterized using a variety of spectroscopic and analytical methods. The results showed that a tetrahedral geometry is favored for the metal complexes. Conclusion: Schiff base and its metal complexes were tested for their cytotoxic potential against hepatoma cellular carcinoma (HCAM) cancer cells. |
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Manuscript ID 2262 |
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Evaluation of Inhibin-B Hormone Levels and Their Relationship with Interleukin-2 and Selected Antioxidant Enzymes in Infertile Males in Kirkuk, Iraq |
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Hadeel Salih Mahmoud Al-barzanji, Saria Naji Mohsen, Mahmoud Mohammed Mahmoud |
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Abstract Background: Infertility affects approximately 15% to 20% of couples around the world, with male infertility accounting for approximately 20% of cases. Azoospermia, which affects 1% of men, necessitates a comprehensive evaluation, which involves taking a detailed medical history, conducting a physical examination, and performing semen analysis. Methods: The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of Inhibin B hormone in infertile males and explore their relationship with Interleukin-2 and antioxidant enzymes. Serum levels of Inhibin-B, IL-2, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was employed to quantify Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX1) and other parameters. Results: The findings indicated a notable reduction in Inhibin-B levels at p<0.05. No notable correlations were found between GPx1, SOD, IL-2, as well as Inhibin-B hormone levels. GPX1 and SOD levels exhibited a significant reduction (p<0.05), whereas IL-2 levels demonstrated a marked increase (p<0.01), especially in patients diagnosed with azoospermia. Conclusion: The study demonstrates significant changes in Inhibin-B, IL-2, and antioxidant enzyme levels in infertile males and are associated with impaired spermatogenesis in men with azoospermia and oligospermia. Decreased Inhibin B reflects Sertoli cell dysfunction, elevated IL-2 indicates an inflammatory component and reduced activities of SOD and GPX1 highlight the impact of oxidative stress on sperm quality. While these biomarkers provide insight into male infertility, their measurement alone is insufficient to accurately assess reproductive function, particularly concerning semen quality. |
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Manuscript ID 2237 |
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Estimation of (IgG and IgA)antibodies and complement proteins (C3 and C4) levels in obese people sera in Diyala governorate |
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Marwa Yahya Mohamed Khairy, Maha Falih Nazzal |
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Abstract
Background: Obesity is a medical condition that means the accumulation of excess fat in the body to the extent that it has a negative effect on health. It leads to a decrease in the expected average age of individuals or leads to an increase in medical diseases. The recent study aimed to explore the levels of complement proteins C3 and C4 and the antibodies IgA and IgG in the serum of obese patients whose Body Mass Index (BMI) was 40 kg/m2 or more in comparison with the control group who had the ideal weight. Results: The study showed that the mean of infection among females was higher than among males. Also, it was shown that the age category (15-25) was the highest category afflicted with obesity among females and males. The serum was separated, and the Single Immunodiffusion method was used for examining the under study complement proteins (C3 & C4), and Immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG), and this was based on the precipitate ring. The results of the recent study revealed an increase in C3 level among the obese individuals (2.02 ± 178.06) mg/dl in comparison with the control (0.69 ± 27.87) mg/dl. In addition, there was an increase in the C4 level in the serum of the obese individuals (1.13 ± 74-91) mg/dl in comparison with the control (0.43 ± 12.43) mg/dl at a significant level (p<0.05). Regarding the levels of Immunoglobulins, there is an increase in the IgA level in the serum of the obese individuals (9.28±697.86) mg/dl in comparison with the control (2.66±84.77) mg/dl. Also, there was an increase in the IgG level (40.26±2067.20) in comparison with the control (20.73 ± 412.38) mg/dl at the significant level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is an increase in the C3 and C4 levels in the obese group compared to the control group, and there is an increase in the IgA and IgG levels in the obese group compared to the control group |
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Manuscript ID 1965 |
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Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Study of New 4-{[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]carbonoimidoyl}benzene-1,3-diol and Their Transition Metal Complexes |
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Safaa. H. Nasir, Ibrahim. A. Flifel |
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Abstract Background: The present study included the synthesis of a new 4-{[3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]carbonoimidoyl}benzene-1,3-diol, and its complexes with Ni(ІІ), Co(ІІ), Cu(ІІ), Fe(ІІІ), and Cr(ІІІ) ions were synthesized.
Methods: Characterizations were conducted by conductance measurements, mass spectra, 1H NMR, FTIR, and elemental analyses. |
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Manuscript ID 2194 |
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Genetic Relationships Among Local Oscillatoria Isolates from Freshwater Sources Using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Technique |
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Safa Ghassan Hameed, Harith Kamil Buniya |
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Abstract Background: Molecular characteristics are good markers for distinguishing between closely related species. Molecular taxonomy has been significantly improved by DNA-based strategies with increasing accuracy and efficiency in identifying species through the use of PCR-based methods. We used inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers in this research to compare and examine the genetic profiles of several Oscillatoria species from native freshwater environments. Methods: Algal samples were taken from natural freshwater environments in the autumn season (September–November 2022). To reduce contamination, DNA was obtained from axenic cultures of Oscillatoria spp. Then, ISSR analysis was done to assess genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships between the isolated strains. Results: Seven species were identified: Oscillatoria acuta (OS1), O. princeps Vaucher (OS2), O. annae (OS3), O. margaritifera (OS4), O. proteus Skuja (OS5), Oscillatoria sp. (OS6), and O. sancta (OS7). O. annae and Oscillatoria sp. were most similar and were found to have the greatest genetic similarity (index = 0.6598), indicating that there is close evolutionary linkage. The two with the lowest similarity were O. acuta and O. proteus Skuja (index = 0.4330), indicating greater genetic divergence. Conclusion: Our results support that ISSR markers are most effective in determining genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships between Oscillatoria spp. This method is promising to improve the molecular taxonomy of cyanobacteria. |
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Manuscript ID 2406 |
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Influence of Sperm Chromatin Immaturity on Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcomes |
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Doaa Adnan Ajam, Amal Abdulwahid Mohammed, Muayad Sraibet Abbood |
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Abstract Background: Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART), particularly intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), bypass natural selection processes, allowing sperm with low deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integrity to fertilize eggs, which may adversely affect ICSI outcomes. Routine semen analysis provides limited insight into male reproductive potential, necessitating advanced assessments of sperm chromatin maturity. Methods: Semen samples were collected from 92 patients after 1–7 days of sexual abstinence. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed according to WHO standards (6th edition, 2021). A detailed questionnaire capturing history and physical examination was used. The relationship between sperm chromatin immaturity (SCI%) and ICSI outcomes, including fertilization rate and embryo quality, was evaluated. Results: A weak and non-significant negative correlation was observed between SCI% and fertilization rate (CC = -0.051; p = 0.63) and between SCI% and grade 1 embryos (CC = -0.093; p = 0.38). Weak, non-significant positive correlations were found between SCI% and abnormal division (CC = 0.05; p = 0.64). However, a weak positive association was identified between SCI% and grade 2 embryos (CC = 0.242; p = 0.02) and grade 3 embryos (CC = 0.212; p = 0.04). SCI% showed no significant correlation with seminal fluid parameters. Conclusion: This study concluded that sperm chromatin immaturity (SCI%) does not correlate with seminal fluid parameters but correlates negatively with fertilization rate, pregnancy rate, and embryo quality. |
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Manuscript ID 2407 |
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Impact of Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Emission from cell phones on Semen Parameters and DNA Integrity in males |
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Enaam J. Husain, Saad S. Al-Dujaily, Hayder M. Al-Dabaaj |
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Abstract Background: Various lifestyle and environmental variables are attributed to male infertility-related cases, and one of those variables is radiation exposure. The most common source of non-ionizing radiation affecting male fertility is cell phones, which are certainly a necessary component of everyday life. Methods: Ninety-seven semen samples were collected into normozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, and oligozoospermia groups. Standard seminal analysis was conducted to measure semen parameters and DNA fragmentation rate according to WHO 2021 and 1999 guidelines. Treatment with antioxidants like Vitamin E and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) for 2 months was recommended by a male infertility specialist. Results: The samples affected by electromagnetic waves emitted from cell phones exhibited a substantial reduction in semen parameters and normality of DNA. Normozoospermic group showed a significantly higher sperm agglutination (p = 0.048) and DNA fragmentation index (p < 0.001) in patients exposed to > 4 hours of non-ionizing electromagnetic waves. Sperm concentration was significantly lower in oligozoospermia group with more exposure time (p = 0.031); on the contrary, the DNA fragmentation index was significantly higher in these patients (p = 0.050). In the asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia groups, the only significant finding was higher DFI with higher exposure time (p = 0.043, p = 0.048). Conclusion: The quality of semen and DNA normality are both negatively correlated with electromagnetic waves released by cell phones. It is concluded that men of reproductive age should refrain from carrying their phones in their front trouser pocket or hip pocket, since this might harm spermatozoa parameters and reduce the reproductive capability of males. |
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Manuscript ID 2448 |
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The effect of deltamethrin insecticide on oxidative stress and liver function in albino male rats and the reformist role of citrus peel extraction |
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Hind Bahjat Mohammed Aldik, Adel H. Talib |
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Abstract Background: The study investigates the protective effects of citrus peel extracts (mandarin and lemon) from deltamethrin-induced liver and testicular toxicity in male rats. Methods: A total of forty-two rats were divided into eight groups, which included a control group and treatment groups that received deltamethrin (6 mg/kg body weight) only or combined with mandarin and/or lemon extracts or oils. Assessed biochemical markers such as AST, ALT, ALP, SOD, and MDA were used to evaluate liver function and oxidative stress in addition to histological examination of liver and testicular tissues to structural changes. Results: Deltamethrin significantly increased AST (198.36 U/L), ALT (123.02 U/L), ALP (97.35 U/L), and MDA (83.92 nmol/ml) levels, alongside a decrease in SOD (4.72 U/mg), indicating oxidative stress and tissue damage. The combination of citrus peel extracts alleviated these impacts, as the lemon extract yielded the lowest levels of AST (179.65 U/L), ALT (112.96 U/L), and ALP (93.55 U/L). SOD levels increased substantially, and were highest at 7.398 U/mg in the combination of mandarin and lemon with mandarin extract reducing MDA levels to 75.97 nmol/ml. Conclusion: Histopathological studies showed that deltamethrin induced pronounced necrotic, inflammatory and degenerative changes in liver and testis tissues, which were removed with the help of citrus extracts restoring the structure of tissues. These findings highlight the potential of mandarin and lemon extracts as natural protectants against chemical-induced toxicity, supporting their use in mitigating oxidative stress and tissue damage. |
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Manuscript ID 2217 |
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Evaluation of Spermine and Spermidine levels in Gallstone patients |
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Sahar Mohammod Eedan, Jwan Abdulmohsin Zainulabdeen |
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Abstract Background: Gallstones or cholelithiasis are a major public health issue, which most people don’t realize as they are not painful, but sometimes, gallstones cause discomfort and irritation in the organ by obstructing the digestive tract. Spermidine (SPD) and Spermine (SPE) are two polyamines (PAs) that regulate the growth of hepatocytes in liver. The PAs play two functions in preserving cellular oxidative equilibrium by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and providing protection against free radical damage when serving as an enzyme substrate. Therefore, levels and metabolism of PA serve as significant markers of neoplastic alterations in the liver. Methods: Gallstone patients from multiple internal medicine hospitals were surveyed, and samples were taken and evaluated from them. Similarly, samples from healthy individuals were also taken. Under regular laboratory circumstances, the patient samples were characterized using biochemical tests, and their data was documented. Results: The levels of PA and the common oxidative stress (OS) biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. The main liver function tests and lipid profile levels gave non-significant differences between the two studied groups. Whereas malondialdehyde (MDA), SPE, and SPD levels were significantly higher in patients than in the control group. Conclusion: The results of the study led to a relationship between polyamine levels and gallstone patients. An increase in PA levels was observed in cholelithiasis patients. It is concluded that PAs can be used for the diagnosis of cholelithiasis as well as for the prognosis of disease complications |
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Manuscript ID 2226 |
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The relationship between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1978124 and rs2074192 of the ACE2 gene in individuals with type 2 diabetes infected with COVID-19 |
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Ghaleb Hussein Obaid Al-Saeedi, Wisam Salih Abood |
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Abstract Background: The understanding of the complexity and importance of ACE2 gene from the perspective of two genotypes (rs1978124 and rs2074192) and their role in pancreatic deterioration is gaining prominence these days. The ACE2 role is considered important in characterizing different factors when diabetic patients interact with viruses like SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 120 patients and divided into three groups for a cross-sectional and observational study. The first group was admitted to the CoVID-19 isolation wards, and 40 of them were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most of them had diabetes, while the other groups had 40 of them infected with diabetes only, and 40 control samples. The test was performed using ARMS-PCR technology. Results: The results showed a statistically significant high risk of COVID-19 infection in the group of people with diabetes when compared to patients with diabetes of the COVID-19 polymerase genotype ACE2 rs1978124, as compared to the healthy controls, which also have a high-risk factor. When investigating the rs2074192 genotype of cohort 1 with diabetes and COVID-19 patients, C / T was found to be a risk factor (OR = 1.458) along with the TT genotype which followed the similar path (OR = 1.167). Conclusion: After the virus binds to the ACE2 receptor of pancreatic cells, it results in the destruction of beta cells and an increase in the rate of pancreatic fibrosis due to a decrease in blood flow in the blood vessels, and a decrease in insulin secretion, which leads to diabetes. |
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Manuscript ID 2588 |
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Molecular detection of some efflux pump genes in clinical isolates of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Seham Ahmed Yousef, Muna T. Al-Musawi, Ibtesam Badday Hassan |
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Abstract Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen that is a leading cause of many types of infections, including acquired infections and healthcare-associated infections. In general, this organism is highly resistant to different classes of antimicrobials through different mechanisms that represent a major concern in the treatment of infections in hospitals. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the genes of efflux pumps, including MexAB, MexXy, MexC, and OperM in antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa isolated from different clinical samples in Diyala Province using PCR technology. Methods: The study included 50 isolates obtained from patients with different infections. This study was conducted during the period from November 2022 to March 2023, and all isolates were diagnosed with the Vitek system. Results: The results according to the total bacterial growth showed that the rate of P. aeruginosa was 50 isolates, of which males were 23 (46%) and females 27 (54%). A total of 20 MDR isolates were selected by testing all isolates for 10 different class of antimicrobials, using the method of Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. The molecular results of the efflux pump genes in this study showed that 10 20/(50%) of the isolates contained the MexB gene, while the isolates did not contain the MexA gene, and all isolates contained the MexC and MexY genes by 20/20 (100%), and two isolates (20%) only contained the MexX gene, while only one isolate (10%) contained the OprM gene. Conclusion: The current study showed a rise in the spread of Mex efflux pump genes between the MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa bacteria that we obtained from different clinical samples in Diyala province, and therefore, the isolated positive efflux pumps were detected in this study and this indicates the extent of enhanced prevention and severe control of this infection |
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Manuscript ID 2218 |
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A Study on the Role of Folic Acid and Vitamin D in Pregnant Women with Threatened Abortion |
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Raid M. H. Al-Salih, Shaimaa J. Dohie |
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Abstract Background: Concentrations of progesterone, folic acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin D (VD), and ceruloplasmin (Cp) are very important indicators of abortion in pregnant women. Thus, the measurement of correlations between these indicators is very much required for the better understanding of the cause and the pattern of abortion in pregnant women. Methods: Four groups were analyzed for the serum content of folic acid, VD, progesterone, MDA, and Cp: 25 patients with threatened abortion, 25 patients with inevitable abortion, 25 pregnant women with regular status of pregnancy, and 25 healthy non-pregnant women. Results: In the threatened abortion group, levels of folic acid declined considerably than in the other groups. Levels of VD also declined in the threatened abortion group, but its levels are highest in non-pregnant healthy women. Levels of progesterone were higher in the healthy pregnant women, followed by the threatened abortion group, and lowest in abortion group. Levels of MDA and Cp were elevated considerably in the threatened abortion group. Conclusion: Deficiencies in folic acid and VD are strongly linked with complications during pregnancy. Adequate monitoring and supplementation are critical in the prevention of threatened abortion and the enhancement of pregnancy outcomes. |
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Manuscript ID 2760 |
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Production and purification of Nattokinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa P49 |
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Shahad Abdullah Shwan, Ali Jabbar Reshak |
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Abstract Background: Nattokinase (NK) is a profibrinolytic serine protease enzyme produced by many bacterial strains, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Therefore, this study aimed to produce NK from local isolate of P. aeruginosa P49 and optimize its conditions for the production of enzyme. Methods: 150 samples were obtained from clinical sources, during the period from August to November 2022, from different hospitals. All samples were subjected to different examinations, in addition to VITEK2 system, to confirm that these isolates were P. aeruginosa. Results: A total of one hundred P. aeruginosa isolates were screened to choose the best NK-producing isolates using skim milk agar, then broth media, whereas P. aeruginosa P49 gave the highest enzymatic activity (337.9 U/mg protein). Optimal conditions for the formation of NK were estimated, and the results showed that the maximum production of NK was gained using peptone-yeast medium containing sucrose, peptone, and CaSO4.2H2O at pH 7.5 and 37°C for 24 hours of incubation, whereas the activity of NK increased to reach a yield of 1603 U/mg protein. The NK was purified from P. aeruginosa P49 utilizing ion exchange chromatography (IEC) after precipitation by ammonium sulfate (0-75%). The results for enzyme purification gave 96% of NK enzyme with a purification fold of 3.6, and the specific activity was 2190.7 U/mg protein. Conclusion: This result suggested P. aeruginosa P49 is a good source of NK production. |
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Manuscript ID 2357 |
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Role of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in Iraqi thalassemic patients infected with Toxoplasmosis |
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Raghad N. Shihab, Israa Kasim Al-Aubaidi |
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Abstract Background: Toxoplasmosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite known as Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite infects all types of endothermic animals, including mammals and birds, and is widespread throughout the world. A widespread form of hereditary anemia and the most common cause of hematologic disorders is Thalassemia. Interferon (IFN) is necessary for cellular immune activation against viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. This study aims to evaluate the role of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in modulating immunity in thalassemia patients infected with T. gondii. Methods: Blood samples were collected from the period of March-June, 2022, from 165 thalassemia diagnosed individuals and 80 healthy volunteers at Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. The ages of all patients were from 2 to 45 years. Thalassemia was diagnosed by blood tests conducted as per doctor’s prescription. Results: The thalassemic individuals infected with toxoplasmosis showed the highest IgG antibody titers, while the control group with toxoplasmosis ranked second. The thalassemic individuals, with or without toxoplasmosis, also showed significantly higher concentrations of IFN-γ compared to the T. gondii-positive control group and healthy subjects. Conclusion: It is concluded that the highest IFN-γ levels were found in the thalassemic group as compared with other study groups. |
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Manuscript ID 2620 |
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Comparative Evaluation of Salivary LL-37 and TNF-α in Children with and without Dental Caries: A Case-Control Study |
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Sarah Jamal Kareem, Batool Hassan Al-Ghurabi |
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Abstract Background: A major social, behavioral, and oral health issue is the prevalence of caries in children's teeth and gums at an early age. Caries arises from a bacterial infection due to several factors, including an unhealthy diet. Natural AMPs serve as a frontline defense against a broad variety of infections, while cytokines are biomarkers for a wide variety of disorders and also serve as essential agents in both immunological and inflammatory reactions. Many researchers have studied and reported the effects of LL-37 and TNF-α in Early Childhood Caries (ECC) among children. Methods: Eighty kids between the ages of 4 and 5 took part in the research. 40 of them with caries were considered as the patient’s group, but the other were children without caries of similar age and sex and termed as the control subjects. Clinical caries experience is measured through a dental examination and the DMFS index. From all entrants, samples were gathered. Salivary LL-37 and TNF-α amounts were analyzed by the ELISA. Results: The present investigation demonstrated a substantial rise (P ˂ 0.01) of the average values in LL-37 and TNF-α in caries children compared to children without caries. Moreover, the data indicated a strong positive connection of LL-37 with TNF-α in the caries group. Conclusion: The children with Early Childhood Caries (ECC) were found to have an elevation in LL-37 and TNF-α. Therefore, decay's significance in elevating LL-37 and TNF-α was established. |
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Manuscript ID 2150 |
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Ferroportin Gene Polymorphism, Ferritin, and TIBC Levels Associated with the Severity of COVID-19 among patients: A Sequencing Analysis |
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Ban Adnan Hatem, Ferdous A Jabir |
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Abstract Background: SARS-CoV-2 may also be termed a high-load virus due to its rapid spread in the bloodstream. In vitro studies verify that iron chelators can inhibit the virus, indicating iron's key component in viral replication. What's more, increased apoptosis (ferroptosis) due to intracellular accretion of iron has been discovered in biopsy specimens of COVID-19 patients. Unlike harsh pneumonitis, COVID-19 does not demonstrate a hepcidin-initiated accretion of iron at foci of infection, suggesting a different iron metabolism profile. Methods: This work explored COVID-19 risk and severity according to Ferroportin gene polymorphisms, SNPs rs3811621 and rs10202029. Infected and recovered individuals' samples were utilized for genotypic analysis to observe possible genetic associations. Results: There were no notable associations of SNP rs3811621 and SNP rs10202029 both with susceptibility to COVID-19, and harshness of the disease. Frequencies of genotype between patient and recovery groups did not differ. Ferritin values, however, were significantly different between mild, severe, and recovery cases. Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) was significantly lower in recovery subjects than in moderate or severe disease subjects, a predictable and significant finding. Conclusion: Ferroportin polymorphisms (rs3811621 and rs10202029) do not appear to influence COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. In spite of that, variations in ferritin and TIBC across different patient populations demonstrate their significance as biomarkers in defining iron metabolism during and after infection. |
